Most of the incentives require you to have at least a moderate financial surplus to really take advantage of. IRA, 401k and the lower tax rate on long-term capital gains come to mind for saving incentives. Double taxation on dividends (taxed as profit by corporation & again as individual income) is a disincentive. Mortgage interest tax deductions are sort of a grey area, they encourage people to take on larger debt loads and since everyone needs a place to live, rising home prices don't really help anyone except banks & real estate agents (your "profit" from your home going up is meaningless because the next place you live is more expensive too). Saving for your children's college costs is penalized due to decreased eligibility for scholarships, grants and low-cost loans.
People with very little extra money to save likely can't take the risks or costs associated with equities investment anyway, so really they only get exposure to interest rates in savings accounts and CDs, which are being kept artificially low. If you only can save <$1,000 per year, you likely care a lot more about the interest rate on savings accounts than you do about how 401k matching is taxed.