2FA is great, but it wouldn't save you here if you ask it to remember you for 30 days.
It sounds like one prong of the attack was to gain access to one employee's email, then use that account to send phishing emails to other employees. 2FA would have stopped that.
1- get target to enter google credentials
2- log into target's account using those credentials with a proxy/controlled IP that shows up nearby in geoip DBs
3- display a credible message, asking for 2factor code (something something DHCP something something more buzzwords - dummy mode on)
Any reason this wouldn't work?
If a Syrian hacker phished my password, he wouldn't be able to login on his system, would he?