SDL[1] on Windows for instance, falls back to GDL when proper DirectX support isn't available. GDI is what most GUI apps use to draw their elements on Windows. It is akin to UIKit on iOS. But GDI is horribly slow as all the computation is done on the CPU.
In fact, realizing this fact, Microsoft has recently developed Direct2D, which does the computation on the GPU and which regular GUI apps can use to achieve better performance. (BTW, I believe Direct2D is somewhat similar to Cairo 2D.)
[1] Simple DirectMedia Layer -- used by plenty of games to achieve cross-platform compatibility. Most games in the Humble Indie Bundle use this.