We should probably take clues from other professions. A scalpel is never bad, and cutting up a person can be ethically correct.
I haven't thought carefully about this, but it seems that intention is the most important factor, followed by actual outcome. (Eg doing bad things without intent isn't necessarily unethical behavior. But some bad actions are so gruesome that it is hard to forgive the lack of foresight. Recklessness you might call that)