It identifies a correlation between income levels and life satisfaction. It is by no means trivial to assume the causal direction. People with high incomes are far more likely to be in satisfying careers, far more likely to have had a stable childhood and a good education. With the exception of the oil-rich Arab states, high income tends to be a result of a long period of good governance.
This data could indicate that money does indeed buy happiness, or it could indicate that the factors that create life satisfaction also tend to increase earning power. It would be reasonable to assume that it's probably a bit of both.