The paper came out in 2010, after much of the austerity debate had already crystallised, and got attention almost entirely in the US, which hasn't really implemented austerity. (No, the sequester really doesn't count.) Nor did the paper argue strongly in favour of austerity; the authors actually are pro-stimulus, and Rogoff in particular was very concerned over the effects of the Fiscal Cliff.
Actual austerity has mostly happened in Europe, where nobody really cared about the paper. The average German voter has no idea who Reinhart and Rogoff are, and he certainly doesn't care that some model showed that further loans to Greece might be correlated with somewhat lower Greek growth in the future; he's sick of the bailouts, thinks Greeks are congenitally lazy, and is afraid Germany won't get their loans back. In fact, what has actually happened in Greece is pretty much what Reinhart and Rogoff warned against! (Debt loads get too high, bond markets freak, growth craters. It's the most obvious explanation for the correlation Reinhart and Rogoff noted, and it's pretty much exactly what happened in Europe.)
Meanwhile, the actual spreadsheet errors changed their results from growth of -0.1% in high-debt countries to 0.2%; an inconsequential change. Nor is this surprising; the reason nobody looked too closely at the numbers is because they agree broadly with every other paper and model out there.
TL;DR: Reinhart and Rogoff caused austerity? Lolwut?