Comparing it with a GPU is a natural discussion to have. I believe there is more information on their website to answer the question. But maybe someone else can explain the programming paradigm difference.
http://www.adapteva.com/introduction/
Specs: http://www.adapteva.com/products/silicon-devices/e64g401/
Architecture: http://www.adapteva.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/epiphany_...
SDK docs: http://www.adapteva.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/epiphany_...
The topology reminds me of this paper "The Landscape of Parallel Computing Research: A View from Berkeley" http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2006/EECS-2006-18...
Let me show you the AMD Southern Islands ISA specs: http://developer.amd.com/wordpress/media/2012/10/AMD_Souther...