In experience Cython and C++ extensions are still the best way to speed up existing Python algorithms. Initially Numba showed great promise but after attempting to jit compile several simple hotspots ( cryptography and hashing functions primarily ) in my application I discovered lot of bugs and apparent numeric instability particularly in the trigonometric and bit functions. Have these issues been resolved? For instance for Diffie–Hellman calculations?
Right now, I agree that Cython and pure C++ is still the best approach if you have a case which Numba does not yet quite solve. However, I expect this to change over the next 6-12 months as Numba is getting a lot of attention both inside of Continuum and externally at several industrial-strength locations.
Our goal is that Numba can replace (almost all) Cython and raw C-extensions or even Go-extensions faster than other language approach will be able to build a run-time and ecosystem the equivalent of what is available with Python.
The roadmap (which includes Go-like channels and go-routines) as well as compiled class-support is here: http://numba.pydata.org/numba-doc/dev/roadmap.html
The project is open-source and contributions and contributors are welcome to join.