It used to - browsers wouldn't cache anything by default if it came over https (you could send a 'cache-control: public'header to get it to though). As far as I can tell, these days almost all browsers have changed their policy so you don't have to do that now.

It does completely disable ability for your ISP to have transparent proxies caching content a before it's sent to you, but the security and privacy gain is worth the trade off.