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"In other words, the low prices for health care found in other countries is, in part, subsidised by the American consumer."What you'd expect is that the research takes place in the US due to some level of higher profits, but it's far from clear whether that level ~= our current level.
Absent any determination of discrepancy between those two levels, while we can still say it's a part of the puzzle, we have no idea how large a part.
And given that a higher GDP country will tend to be the more profitable place to do any front-end research/initial rollout anyway, it wouldn't seem that researchers would need any additional profit premium to prefer the US to, say, France [1].
So while data may show differently, I certainly wouldn't expect that factor to explain any of the discrepancy between what we pay as a percentage of GDP and what France pays.
[1] In general: people in larger economies tend to spend more for things. So net profit tends to be higher there. So things tend to get researched/introduced there first. And no other industry seems to require anything close to the additional profit premium that the healthcare industry sees, to do that research/introduction here first. (auto, energy, tech, etc) In fact, the degree to which industries go elsewhere tends to hinge on massive government subsidies designed explicitly to offset this natural reward structure.