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That's no more true now than it was 15 years ago. There're startups doing amazing things with depth cameras, motion capture, computer vision, robotics, large-scale databases, multimedia processing, collaborative filtering, and so on. They are, of course, a tiny minority of all startups, but that's because it will always be easier to write CRUD apps to manage house cleaners and town cars than to develop genuinely new technology.

I remember a quote from Larry or Sergey back in the early days of Google (before the dot-com implosion) that was to the effect of "Do any of those other tech startups have any actual technology?" It's always been like this - wannabes hoping to get rich quickly outnumber the genuine innovators. It doesn't mean the latter group doesn't exist, only that you have to work to find them.

What optimization tasks do Exec and Uber solve to provide the quality of service their customers expect?

Define "tech startups".