If two operating systems need to share files, they're usually on different machines, so it's simpler to copy the files or provide a network interface to them, rather than share disk-level access.
Getting different OS makers to standardize (and therefore slow innovation) on something as performance-impacting as the file system isn't worth the benefit.
provide a network interface to them
Another thing is evolving features, Windows is particularly good at this: more and more features are added to the FS, if you don't keep mini VM and native Installation in sync, weird stuff could happen.
I use dual boot since many years, but I have stopped sharing partitions completely. If I need interoperability I use the Cloud, USB sticks and "normal VMs". It's fool-proof, safe and low maintenance.
All filesystems have file size limits - it's not an artificial constraint, it's a design tradeoff in terms of the size of the metadata that the file system requires.
Ding ding ding. Much easier to have a Samba server then try to make a FS work across multiple OSes. That having been said, I haven't really had that much issue with using NTFS.