I think it is incorrect to say fraud is not costing credit card companies money, because they can transfer the cost to customers. If there was less fraud they could easily keep the transaction costs on same level and pocket the difference.

Some finnish banks introduced a "verified by Visa" scheme where you need to verify online transactions with one time password (those are normally used to log into online bank account). At least for me the result was that now I choose PayPal whenever possible, since PayPal allows me to pay with just username and normal password.