There's really no comparison between using Bundler and mucking around with JAR files or Ant scripts in Java. I've even seen Python codebases with a Java-esque rats nest of dependencies that are just as painful to get setup correctly.
Bundler is way easier. I've never been on a Rails project where it took more than 30 minutes to get the env setup and it's in large part, thanks to Bundler. Admittedly, I haven't touched Java in a few years, but last I checked, Java had nothing like Bundler (which is a shame, because it could really use it).
But there's a very close comparison between Bundler and managing dependencies with Maven or Gradle. And there's a huge difference. Maven Central has never been compromised because they have a secure method for deploying artifacts, RubyGems? You've had a fun month with RubyGems, right?
If not then Ivy is what is used mostly albeit far less elegantly.