I'll answer your questions in order:
1) Python was my first programming language. I started teaching myself python during my freshman year of college.
2) I am currently employed in a job that is mostly programming. Technically my job title is Data Analyst.
3) I got my job primarily because I had experience with Economics/Econometrics (my major in college), and applied for an internship based on that experience. Because I knew Python, I was able to create a number of predictive models during my internship, and was hired on full time after graduation.
4a) I haven't "stuck with" python so much as I continue to use it as part of my ever expanding tool belt. For my programming work I use ~70% Python, ~20% R, ~5% SQL, ~5% other (C#, VB, C). For fun I dabble in Haskell, Javascript, C, ASM, Forth, and others.
4b) I don't think I would say that Python itself has helped me to learn any other language above and beyond the fact that learning one programming language makes the next one easier. Instead, I think Python, by virtue of being a language that is not particularly extreme in any way, has given me a solid basis of comparison for any other languages that I have picked up. It's a good reference point for what makes other languages unique.
I'm glad I started with Python. The simplicity of getting started with Python was definitely a plus, and it continues to be a useful tool that keeps me employed doing interesting work.