Modern humans still have the exact same troubles with Rh incompatibility, we only learned how to overcome them very recently.
Even then, Rh disease usually only causes symptoms in the baby in subsequent pregnancies with the same bloodtype incompatibilities, when the antibodies already exist in the mother.
I'm not sure what exactly it means that Neanderthal women's uterus wouldn't be able to host HS babies, but that sounds different to me.
Unless you know more about this Neanderthal uterine incompatibility.