Pretty much everyone will agree that, all else being equal, it would be good for riskier jobs to pay more. Higher pay is pretty much always better than lower pay if that's the only difference. Where it breaks down is that all else is very much not equal. Whatever method you use to increase pay is going to have other consequences and people disagree about what those will be and whether they're worth it.

My problem is that "it's unfair" turns it into a value judgment. Then when someone is skeptical that it can be improved without making things worse overall, or worse when someone is skeptical of a particular proposed solution, that gets turned into a moral failing.

If you perceive disagreement over the fairness of paying people badly for risky jobs, I think it's because it's so basic that people just skip over that. A small child can identify unfairness. The interesting and difficult part is what to do about it.