You took my first two paragraphs as a straw to grasp and avoid even trying to address the third.
To your third para, I will ask if I write a "simulacrum" of a program that manages to factor large RSA primes consistently and quickly, does that program factor RSA? Another example, do you think if a software program does a FFT and a physical DSP circuit does an FFT doing something totally different? Consciousness could easily be supported on two entirely different forms of substrate. Neural nets can model almost any function, human brains are subject to physical laws which are also limited to Turing computable programs as far as our current knowledge goes, in case you somehow had a misconception of neural nets being weaker than they actually are.