For an interesting philosophical/cognitive study see;

Visual Thinking in Mathematics: An epistemological study by Marcus Giaquinto - https://academic.oup.com/book/11260

From the Preface:

This book is not a mathematical text` a la Hilbert and Cohn-Vossen, not a psychological investigation` a la Hadamard, nor a How-To manual` a la Polya. It is a work of epistemology. But unlike almost all other writing in epistemology of mathematics, it is constrained by results of research in cognitive science and mathematics education. So the book has interdisciplinary roots.