Copyright law varies internationally, which is especially tricky given we have the internet which can transfer copyrighted material between jurisdictions in the blink of an eye, but this is how one jurisdiction might approach it:
In Germany, there has been a long standing legal dispute between the band Kraftwerk and the musician Moses Pelham about him sampling 2 seconds from Kraftwerk's track "Metall auf Metall" (if you search for this term, you will get a lot of results about the dispute) without permission. This disputed has steadily escalated until it reached European Court of Justice who delivered a judgement establishing a principle that Moses Pelham's use of the sample was legal, and covered by the copyright exemption for "pastiches" (a term that has been mentioned several times in this discussion already).
Wikipedia article (German): https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rechtsstreit_zwischen_Moses_Pe...
Press release by the Court of Justice (PDF): https://curia.europa.eu/site/upload/docs/application/pdf/202...
The actual judgement: https://infocuria.curia.europa.eu/tabs/jurisprudence?sort=DO...
A rather long expert opinion from before the judgement (PDF): https://freiheitsrechte.org/uploads/documents/Englische-Doku...
So, this work here might be a pastiche, meaning a European court might find that there is no compensation due. Or not, who knows, I am not a court and not even a lawyer.