There's a chapter on this in McConnell's Professional Software Development: Shorter Schedules, Higher Quality Products, More Successful Projects, Enhanced Careers.
His example of software _engineering_ was McMaster University in Canada, where the graduate could achieve licensure by taking and passing the appropriate exams. Courses include materials, thermodynamics, electricity and magnetism. His example of _software_ engineering was based on (an older version) of the program I went to at RIT, which covered courses in software project management, software engineering process, and a lot more software systems design. Both had similar math, computer science, and software development courses, but I suspect McMaster would have courses in linear algebra and multivariable calculus that I didn't have.
Are American developers missing something? We missed out on the opportunity to get licensed in the mid-2000s and 2010s. People who went to _software_ engineering programs probably couldn't pass an FE exam unless they took (and remembered) a bunch of courses that have little to do with building software and would fall outside their normal academic program. I'd say that the software _engineering_ programs that don't get into the nuances of how to manage organizations and teams building software systems are the ones missing useful knowledge.
Typically the software engineers also do more maths than CS students. Reasoning from first principles is an important skill for professional engineers to have.
In the past it was not uncommon for every 'engineering' degree to require the basic sophomore level classes for mechanical and electrical engineering. (inThePast = years<1990)
You imagine wrong. Everyone I know with a software-engineering-type degree took a mandatory ethics course.