Many applications are naturally expressed using bound variables (lambdas, summation expressions, einstein indices, integrals, loops) but the basic e-graph doesn't really support the concept. One can instead model using combinators (SKI combinators, relation algebra, categorical combinators, other) but this tends to be not entirely natural and tends to explodes in the search space of different ways to encode the same concept using combinators.
Lifting e-graphs are a variant of sorts of slotted e-graphs, which are techniques to supports binders in egraphs. It's more subtle to do so than one might think. Lambda microegg also adds a surface syntax to play around more easily.