A computer is much more than an CPU chip, e.g. "PC 99 System Design Guide", among several other references.
In the ARM world, that other part you are completely ignoring isn't standardised, even with device trees, they only help to alleviate the pain that each computer is its own OEM snowflake.
In ARMland, there's no such thing as standard OS images you can install on any machine, or generic components that users can buy and install themselves.