Nice question! Plenty (open) research papers and thesis available the last 40 years -)

Some nice papers: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.07135 , https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.17343, https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2025/49.1.075 or see https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.17343

There are many studies about this subject, but mind that complexity in code something different than 'complex' systems. You will need to dive into complexity science , but hard and 'soft' aspects should be taken into account when it comes to cyber security!