China invested in building EVs, and has the capacity to build 50M per year (global light vehicle sales TAM is ~90M/year). VW did not. The choice was "Green New Deal" or profits, and they picked profits. The Chinese won because they knew EVs were going to be the future, and the intentionally focused and maintained effort towards building the future through their five year plans. Everyone else gave up.
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49556939
China's Manufacturing Advantage, Explained [video] - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49451076 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OgYKVpOsMJs - August 2026