AVIF's support for non-photographic images is covered in the article. It supports lossless.
For comparison, it was possible to do 10-bit video with H.264, but 10-bit video didn't see any mainstream adoption with it because hardware decoders generally didn't support 10-bit H.264 video. Only when newer formats came around and specced 10-bit support as a baseline necessity did we start to see wider adoption for it. And well, the baseline specs (main profile) for AV1, which AVIF is based on, are limited to 4:2:0...
It isn't particularly efficient in terms of file size, but as others have said, lossless images within a web page is extremely niche.