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Thanks to AV1's inter encoding, overhead is overall minimal as each pass can refine on previous ones. Think of it as a mini-video. Because of this, in the case of images with a lot of repeated patterns, progressive AVIF encoding can actually result in more efficient images!

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Looking at the demo linked in the blog post, I can make a similar quality thumbnail for a smaller size than the delta between the static and progressive AVIFs

The quick answer is: you can have up to four passes. With progressive AVIF, you let the browser avoid rendering previous passes if a subsequent one has already been downloaded. It's more efficient and saves battery.

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