How To Erase Old Hard Drives Without A Drill Bit
npr.org
npr.org
Bit zones on a disk are analog things, think of writing zeroes as laying a blank piece of paper over a written secret message. You may still be able to read the secret message. In the olden days it was possible to use specialized tiny devices to read the analog the disk's surface and work out the previous data. (This is the origin of the "erase (7|49) times" rules.)
I rather doubt that modern drives can be read this way after a wipe. There is a dollar reward out for any data retrieval service that can retrieve data from a wiped drive that is, as yet, unclaimed. I think the PR win would inspire that crowd to demonstrate the capability if they had it. That leaves wealthy nations as possible readers.
Given the minimal value of an old hard drive, I give them a few chops with a splitting maul if I have a couple, when getting rid of many of them I take them to an ewaste handler and pay him $10 to throw them in the shredder while I watch. That way they get recycled better.