Is this the scenario described in Ted Chiang's short story https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Evolution_of_Human_Science where scientists are "catching crumbs from the table" trying to decipher the results generated by superhuman intelligence?
It would be more like Lem's novel where it completely disappears from the human horizon: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golem_XIV
In the second case all human-level maths would be solved and what lies beyond would be always out of our scope.
Perhaps indeed a better understanding of what intelligence really is would allow this sort of Uplift (as in Brin's books).
if a particularly intelligent sixth grader was highly motivated to understand chromatic homotopy and had a highly capable private teacher available to her 24/7, she might within a year get to the point where she could apply it by herself to figure out some simple but nontrivial topological properties. (nobody has tested this. maybe it would require at least three years instead of one.)
if a particularly intelligent chimpanzee was for some reason highly motivated to understand chromatic homotopy, no matter how many years the most incredible teachers spent explaining it to her, she would never comprehend anything about it.
that's the pessimistic scenario: humans will be to future AI like our closest evolutionary relatives are to us. or even more pessimistic: we will be to future AI like insects are to us.