US Birth Rate Hits New Low – A Nation of Singles
ritholtz.com
ritholtz.com
I'd be interested in seeing these numbers adjusted for age, various SES indicators, etc.
The marriage gap is much bigger than the gender gap, age gap, and any socioeconomic gap. I think it falls right below the race gap in terms of size, and is probably on par with the religious/non-religious gap.
You bailed out the banks. Now you're turning into Japan.
Mazal tov, America! You're committing national suicide!
Let's see a couple trends here though:
1) US life expectancy is on the rise, I guess one of the most expensive healthcare systems in the world is good for something.
2) Average retirement age is moving farther ahead - Reuters recently ran an article about startup founders who are 60+ y.o. http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/11/27/us-valley-ageism-i...
3) Rise of robotics outsourced a good portion of typical physical jobs to machines - iRobot, Kiva Systems, Tesla's car-manufacturing robot arms
4) Youth unemployment is on the rise
5) Youth STEM skills, the only applicable skills that matter in current economic climate, are declining
Why does the country need large amounts of young people again? A bunch of the assumptions - you need younger people to slave off to contribute taxes towards the retirement of the elderly - are a bit shaky to say the least. Most of the youth employed at various menial jobs are earning low enough income to qualify them for tax credits, so they're not a huge revenue source.
The assumption that they will be able to supply that revenue is indeed shaky, but the assumption that one needs them to do so is well-founded. Traditionally immigration has been the safety valve for demographic mismatches, as ably documented here: http://www.ssab.gov/documents/immig_issue_brief_final_versio...
Rise of automation and increase in average employment spans removes that urgency. Rise of health care standards slowly eradicates the image of a feeble senile 70-year-old who is threatening kids to get off his lawn and needs constant medical attention 24/7.
You still need the next generation, but it doesn't have to be 1x-2x of the current one.
This is really of no consequence. Do you know any janitor who lost a job to roomba?
CNC have been there en mass since 1970s, and robotics since 1980s. A robotic assembly line is featured in final scene of Terminator (1984), and it was very much state of the art then.
However, contrary to doomsday prophecies of the time, what replaced American jobs were not the soulless machines in Japan, but penniless workers in China. The future never seems to play out in the coolest sci-fi way.
Who pays for those higher skilled workers?
Can you get enough of them?
People deal with unplanned for interactions with people better than a machine, they're much more flexible.
Liability, you can go either way on that.
I think it's an open question still, when you get down to low enough skill and pay.
Edit: People are the ultimate low skilled contingent worker. A pre-programmed AI-equivalent in every box.
This is, for many industries, clearly not the case.
Electronics used to be hand soldered. Now hand soldering is rare and machines are common. Those machines have clearly replaced human workers. A teeny tiny old pick and place machine can place 4,000 components per hour. That machine is easily available to small business. You need three staff (3 shifts of 8 hours each) to run that machine.
IC stuffers (a machine that takes through hole integrated circuits and places those into a PCB) have existed since 8" drives were common.
Look at the newspaper print industry - thousands of workers have been replaced by technology.
It is trivially easy to find people who have lost their job to technology.
The demographic-economic paradox [1] is fascinating.
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographic-economic_paradox
Assuming there is any genetic component to the desire for having children and religiosity (and I believe there is), that means that non-religious people, and people who are not interested in having children are breeding themself out of existence.
It'll probably be many generations before the results are large, but it should cause a dramatic shift eventually. (Which will probably eventually get too large, causing yet another shift in the other direction.)
The genetic argument should cancel itself it out. After all, if genetic factors should eventually cause people to have more children, then how is it possible for us to have a 55 year trend toward less children (as the article says, since 1957)? If genetics can eventually correct this trend, then why hasn't it already done so? For you to make this argument solidly, you'd have to establish at least 1 of 2 dependent arguments:
1.) there is some critical number that triggers a reaction
2.) there was, in the past, some force that allowed people to defy the genetic impulse to have children, but whatever that force was, it will no longer have as much power in the future
Here on Hacker News I have, several times, seen people invoke the idea that child-raising is a genetic impulse and that therefore the trend toward less children should be self-correcting. The people who advance this idea don't seem to get the irony of the suggestion.
Here is a bit of personal history: my great grandmother had 16 children. My mother had 4 children. Of the 4 of us, we are mostly past the age where we would consider having children. The 4 of us have so far had a total of 3 children, and I don't think there will be any more children, so my mom has less grand-children then she had children. This surprises her.
There are some powerful forces pushing the trend towards less children. My feeling is that some people are glib in their dismissals of the trend. A poorly thought out genetic argument would fall into my category of glib.
Is this a joke? Evolution takes many generations. It has been less than 3 generations since 1957.
The question then becomes whether evolution has any pre-existing raw material to work with. The data give a resounding yes. Attention deficit hyperactuvity disorder is almost certainly genetic, and is strongly correlated with early reproduction and more children. Ditto for IQ.
And societies are also subject to cultural evolution. Catholicism and Mormonism confer a high fertility rate, and it appears to be heritable.
I have no stats on this, but it would be interesting to see if the sisters of gay men and the brothers of lesbian women do have more kids than the average (for the same education and income levels, of course).
Their conclusion is there at least a partial genetic component, likely coding for "Likes to have sex with men" that the gay men just happen to get as a side effect of the very effective gene for women.
Under 2b seems like the right number unless space colonization is seriously in force.
There are clearly mineral resources in space which seem worthwhile -- asteroids, and potentially fuels or consumables from some planets.
Something which consisted of U-235/Pu-239 exports from Earth to space, where space then returns some minerals.
I doubt we'd get appreciable human population off the earth and into the solar system, unless we intentionally went for that. It would probably be easier to do high-density earth colonies using resources brought in from off-world. The surfaces of Mars and the Moon don't seem particularly hospitable compared to the Sahara or Antarctica or the oceans.
"The Earth is the only world known, so far, to harbor life. There is nowhere else, at least in the near future, to which our species could migrate. Visit, yes. Settle, not yet. Like it or not, for the moment, the Earth is where we make our stand." - Carl Sagan, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale_Blue_Dot
What he's saying is that anything viable is too far away. Forget about the Moon or Mars, we cannot protect a population against radiation, and if we could we may as well build that same habitat here on our then presumably inhabitable planet that we're already on.
Don't just use the planet up and walk away from it, because there's nowhere to go.
I used this fact to consider a plausible simulation hypothesis. I had assumed you would need a universe larger than ours to simulate ours. However, assuming that since all the other places are far away, and we have found no other intelligent life, then it may be possible that we live in a simulated world in a Universe that is the same size or smaller than ours, since they would only need enough space to simulate the complexities of Earth at a low level, and the rest of the entire Universe could either be simulated at a very high level, or simply filled in.
Now, if you wipe out poverty entirely and bring everyone up to the same standard of living and education you'll probably see a shrinking global population. But that isn't happening yet and won't happen for a long time.
As for going first to Mars, I think Elon is going to beat us all.
But I never approached strange women on the street, only people that I knew or was introduced before.
Also rape is not common in any first word country, but feminists claim 1 in 4 women will be raped... (had nice link about that claim but can't post it now).
The singles not caring about the future is one perfect example. If it were true, and it were only the regions with high concentrations of parents caring about the future, then you would see much stronger support for actions to prevent climate change in areas where there are higher birth rates. The thing is, you don't - it's the cities - the places that the author is bemoaning for the lack of kids (he even calls cities "pleasure centers") that are at the forefront of trying to fix the big problems. The areas with the high birth rates are the ones that seemingly don't care about the future.
So yeah, take every last bit of his analysis with a grain of salt. He strikes me as a "America has been going backwards since the 1950s" type and he's trying to back the data in to fit his preconceived notions of how the world should work.
People live longer; diseases of old age are not cured yet and are considerably expensive and labour intensive. You need lots of people earning money and paying taxes to provide for that older generation. You also need lots of people to do the physical care of that population.
The growth of those schemes requires people to continue to pay money into them.
This ponzi scheme is either my poor communicating, or is a feature of many pension systems around the world.
(http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/a-look-at-p...)
I agree it's not sustainable. What do you suggest? How should people fund their old age?
Prisoners are already being used to care for other old age prisoners. This moving NY Times article is fascinating. (http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/26/health/dealing-with-dement...)
Fun sci-fi noodling would have criminals being sub-contracted into institutions that care for poverty stricken old people. The prison / elderly care industrial complex grows to a huge evil empire. (Throw in a bit about making and selling coffins and it's complete.)
Fresh college graduates end up with significant education debt, and interest payments on student loans are deductible. For the rest the system of credits allows for zero net tax obligation as far as federal budget is concerned http://www.csmonitor.com/Business/Donald-Marron/2011/0728/Wh...
US economy is dependent on high income earners, which might or might not be younger people.
I find this all another instance of the outsized hypocrisy in the U.S. Bemoaning something, while simultaneously taking seemingly every action to reinforce it.
(There are a lot of secondary effects, that I won't go into here, that seem to trigger... "outrage" in some of the very people contributing most strongly to the primary condition. Deceit, or stupidity. Seems to be some of each.)
EDIT: And seriously: "The US birth rate has continued to decline to a record low since the recession of 2007-2009. This is alarming."
This is not alarming. The depression never ended. It'll be 2013 soon and we're still in a depression. This is supposed to be a serious educated article? Fail!
It's certainly alarming if you have pay-go pension schemes like Social Security and Medicare. The way things are going either the young will live under a crushing tax burden or people who paid into social welfare programs for fifty years won't see any benefit. That's not a recipe for a stable society.
Depends on the ratio of the people paying in to the payout. Social Security would be pretty easy to fix by reducing the payout a bit and raising the tax a bit. The big problem, of course, is Medicare, and I expect that's why a single payer plan is inevitable in the US.
These programs have problems as currently constituted, but they're fixable even if the population isn't growing. However, whatever problems we have will be exacerbated if the number of people working is actually falling.
Sad but true. And most Americans are afraid of socialism because they think it's somehow related to communism. No wonder there is never any progress in this country.