Polars is much better than pandas in this regard. But using it via Python still carries the risk of runtime errors.

Python's linters leave many holes unfilled - it catches some stuff but still leaves everything else to the runtime. Literally every Python application that I've worked on in the last 3 years a) is 100% type checked yet b) still hits massive numbers of novel runtime errors on the regular. Python's anemic type system is in no way a substitute for an advanced compiler.