Take the individual mandate, for example. It was fund to be outside the Commerce Power, but within the Taxing Power. What does the 10th amendment have to say about it? If you read the 10th amendment as saying "Congress shall not infringe on the traditional functions of the states to safeguard health, welfare, and morality" then you might say that the individual mandate violates the 10th amendment because healthcare is a traditionally state function. But that's not what the 10th amendment says. All it says is that action which falls outside the Constitutional delegates is unconstitutional. Well if the individual mandate is within the Taxing power, then it is within one of the Constitutional delegations, and is by definition outside the scope of the 10th amendment.
Basically, federal action can never violate the 10th amendment. Either an exercise of federal power is Constitutional under one of the delegations, or it is not supported by any delegation of federal power and is thus unconstitional for that reason.
Re: the expansion of federal power, it's popular but not necessarily accurate to say it has come at the expense of the Constitution. If you had asked the Framers whether a sale of a product in New York, manufactured and shipped from New Jersey, using a bank transaction with a bank and a payment processor located in San Francisco should fall under the purview of the Commerce Power, they probably would have said "yes, that's interstate commerce." Yet, that's what happens when I go downstairs and buy a Snickers bar at the vending machine with my credit card. There is disagreement on this subject, but in my opinion the expansion of federal power hasn't come at the expense of the Constitution, but has come because much more human activity has come within the scope of federal power as it was already defined.