As a Chinese, I would say most public toilet I came across are cleaner then the toliet in my home... Before 2015, I was young, a bit shy and hated dirty toilets so I rarely go to toilet outside. (Also at that time I lived with my father and he kept our toilet really clean. <3) When I was like 8 years old (at 2000s) or younger, I once pee in my pants at school because I really didn't want to go to the toilet in the school... I think that is the last time I pee-ed myself.
So I would say it did work.
But TBO I moved to Shanghai after university which is generally richer than my hometown so I'm not sure about the condition in my hometown nowadays.