Those countries provide a hell of a lot to their citizens, and the citizens are happy to pay.
For most of his life in Australia, my Dad, a teacher, paid very close to 50% income tax on what he earned over about $60k. He was extremely happy with this, as Australia had provided a lot for him and his family of 3 kids. We had a very good uppder-middle class life.
EDIT: A couple of examples of what "crazy high" income tax gets you.
1. My brother broke his leg horribly, required multiple surgeries, ambulance rides, helicopter rides, multiple hospitals and close to 2 months in hospital. There was never a bill.
2. My 5 years of university for Software Engineering were paid for by the Australian government, and I now have a interest-free loan for the ~$24k. Whenever I earn over $40k/year, I just pay 3% more income tax to pay off the loan. If I don't earn that much in Australia, I never pay back the loan and that's fine. (actually, my Mum and Dad are angry about this - for them, university was free like High school.)
3. The Australian government will pay a "wage" to low-income students going to university/college (approx. $176/wk)
4. The Australian government pays unemployment benefits to any adult out of work (approx $228/wk). It does not matter if you have ever had a job or been fired or not. This payment will continue forever.[1]
They will also help to pay your rent, with a program called "Rent Assistance"
Despite what you might be thinking, Australia has a very strong economy - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Australia
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unemployment_benefits#Australia
UPDATE: Dole is $228/wk