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A little bit of hand waving, but I don't mind it much. A cloud of steam rising from a boiling pot doesn't have a well defined border or consistent shape, but a human looking at a nearby object can usually make a clear and reasonable decision about whether or not that object is "inside" the steam cloud.

So I thought of a nice question: how close-in does the hydrogen in Rubidium Hydride sit. For gaseous RbH and thinking in solid spheres instead of clouds:

  The bond length of RbH is ~4.5 units.

  The Hydrogen proton is *inside* the empty 5s radius (~4.7 units).

  If we added an electron ("an antibonding electron") it would go into the 5s orbital. But that stretches the bond making the distance between the nuclei ~4.8 units.

  In RbH, the Rb atom gives up its single outer 5s electron to the H atom, so there is no populated 5s electron shell in a Rubidium Hydride molecule.

Not spherical huh, where did you learn that and where would I go to learn that

Look up "molecular orbitals" should be enough of a search to get the info

That's the Bohr model. It works surprisingly well for hydrogen. Then there's the probability-cloud model, which works much better. And then there's the “strictly speaking, the orbital isn't actually a probability distribution at all; it's a wavefunction, Ψ, and ∣Ψ∣^2 gives you the probability density” model.

It gets weird. Like, maybe-there's-only-one-electron-in-the-universe weird.

Large orbitals like this approach the classical limit, I believe.