https://ammoniagas.com/green-ammonia-vs-blue-amonia-key-diff...
The future price of green hydrogen is uncertain because of electrolyser CAPEX:
"Electrolyser system costs — the central input that 2020-era forecasts assumed would fall steadily — instead rose by a median of 57% since 2022, according to BloombergNEF's electrolyser price survey. "
https://www.greenfueljournal.com/post/green-hydrogen-cost-ec...
Coupling PV to electrolyzers and efficient hydrogen production using solar energy is still open research problem. Batteries will be probably needed.
"The low efficiency of PV-electrolyzer systems can be attributed to several factors: intrinsic losses in both the PV and electrolyzer units, energy consumption by balance-of-system components (e.g., inverters, thermal management), and, most critically, ineffective electrical coupling. Although some researchers advocate for direct coupling as a cost-effective solution, variable solar input remains a major challenge. Fluctuations in solar irradiance can cause the power delivered to fall outside the acceptable operating range of electrolyzers, leading to frequent shut-downs and start-ups. These cycling events can accelerate degradation, particularly in PEM electrolyzers, and also affect the purity and yield of hydrogen"
"Recent studies also highlight the integration of battery energy storage systems (BESS) into large-scale PV-CSP hybrid plants as a strategic enhancement. With anticipated declines in battery costs, this integrated approach may become increasingly viable in the near future."
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44373-025-00080-4
> Yep. And frankly, the EU-27 is not in a position to pressure Asia. Much of the steel, grey ammonia, and other industrial products being manufactured with heavy carbon intensity is not intended for export to the EU-27 or is easily financed by the EU's carbon credit scheme.
If Asia and US are not willing to decrease their CO2 emissions, Europe should also decrease it's efforts in CO2 emission reductions, because this efforts are quite expensive. Personally, I'm in favor of world wide CO2 emission tax, simply because a tonne of CO2 emitted in Europe has the same climate effect as a tonne of CO2 emitted in Asia.