Clojure was an outright revolution against Java’s boring clumsiness, and many businesses are quietly making money with it today. Hickey even _explicitly_ comments on expertise (the OPs discussion about Rust and C++ being worth it) in the context of learning to play the violin.
Ruby declared itself as being all about “programmer happiness”, and while probably not as specifically a rebellion against Java, it attracted a ton of burnt out Java people who went on to found thousands of startups on Ruby. Ruby continues to be massive for web apps, Rails is still extremely popular compared to many alternatives.
Scala similarly to the previous examples was a Java-like with Haskell flavor that escaped an academic lab and accidentally took over the “big data” craze in the 2010s because they wrote Spark in it. If you were around then, Scala was truly hot at the time.
There are others of course but I found the examples in the OP a relatively surface level analysis of a space that has experienced an absolute explosion of diversity and novelty in the last 20 years.