Jevons Paradox has become a meme lately because it can be used effectively in a particular type of online argument to sound smart and checkmate the other. But as you say, the popular use is nothing mysterious, just microeconomics. At a certain level of technological development, supply and demand curves meet at a point and it yields a price. If technology develops and makes production more efficient, that crossover point moves, and now more demand can be met. The popular meme idea of scoffing at road construction because it will just make more people drive misanthropically ignores that driving isn't purely emissions but it also gets people to places where they want to go, like visiting family and friends or allows them to live at a different place from where they work if that's more affordable or more to their liking. The road capacity led to more cars on the road, but also to more real demand being met. Now of course, there can be such a thing as totally frivolous additional usage, though one needs a specific value system to judge it whether a trip was virtuous or sinful.

Meanwhile real Jevons is a very particular effect that doesn't show up on all road graphs and doesn't simply mean that opening up more lanes will attract more traffic.