My use of it comes from early 2010s era paleo-food community observations about hunter gatherers having less crowded jaws than agriculturalist and modern peoples, hypothesized to be due to both micronutrient intake and also eating tougher foods. Cramped jaws and facial structures lead to both malocclusion and also nasal breathing issues, and mouth breathing also reinforces those pathological facial changes. Granted, this stuff is from sources that I've heard wildly varying opinions on (Weston A Price; Mike Mew). Jaw and facial structure continues to change into adulthood. I needed extensive orthodontics in my youth and have struggled with sleep apnea in adulthood. This broad set of hypotheses made sense to me, and chewing mastic gum was the easiest way to get a full dose of "chew tougher food" in my life. I try to snack on raw carrots too.
Speaking to attractiveness, there's an uncomfortable photo of identical twins in one of the Weston Price books, one given orthodontic treatment that widened their facial structure and one was not. The one with the widened facial structure was more attractive. The difference wasn't gigantic, but it wasn't small either.
Highly recommended, at minimum for interesting historical look at various cultures with a pre-modern processed food diet. AFAIK the basic hypothesis about diet affecting face morphology holds up.
Outcome of chronic social media exposure.
The fact is mewing and chewing do make a measurable difference…over time. Tiktok promotes extremes as they get more views and the more extreme the more views in a cycle of escalation. This gave birth to sad boys who see the Toyota chivalre’s and think they need the same jawline. Similar sad nonsense has been going on for women too but that has unfortunately become all but normalized.
It's amazing how they normalized fillers to the point of being hideous and convinced themselves that that's a beautiful aesthetic. The consensus seeking hive mind at work.