efficient mathematics hypothesis? What's that?
The efficient markets hypothesis says the market prices incorporate all available information and there's no such thing as a cheap stock, so there's no easy money to be made by trading.
The math equivalent is presumably that all easy problems have been solved and all open problems should be very very hard. This has turned out not to be the case as LLMs have found simple counterexamples to long held conjectures.
Strictly speaking, if you constructively prove P=NP and the solver has reasonable time complexity, e.g. quadratic, it could make you incredibly rich. If you don't attract the wrong kind of attention from the world's intelligence agencies first...
> That's not-nothing but can't hold a candle to the potential fortunes of the market.
a market is where things are sold and bought. there are lots of markets which aren't as well capitalized as financial markets - your local farmer's market doesn't "hold a candle to the potential fortunes of the market" but it's still a market (and presumably the efficient market hypothesis still applies).
The market for solving math problems is tiny compared to selling/ running algos for trading. You solve a pure math problem you might get accolades from some professors.