All of these can be done with a computer.
>recording calls (legally)..
A second phone does the same thing.
>Hack for "escalating privileges" on my own device so I can do nefarious actions
Whether it's a "hack" is orthogonal to whether you control the device or not. I don't think anyone disputes that you "own" your linux PC, but using the well known `docker run --privileged ...`[1] method to get root on your machine is still a hack.
[1] random result: https://github.com/Volodishlav/Docker-Privilege-Escalation