I am not sure if I'm ignorant or have too much self esteem, but in cases where domain is not my expertise I try to cross challenge using different models to get less-biased and hopefully more correct insights.
Similarly, sometimes I have to manually validate the output of an ai tool, analyzed over a large text I can’t practically read and understand, and best way I’ve found is to ask the tool (or another ai) to ‘show your work,’ ie make it help me make the determination by showing places in the text I have to read to follow its reasoning. We can never trust another ai directly to assess the validity of another ai.
A lot of times that will take physical tests. Or in the case of math/logic, tests to validate each line or validated sources of previously proved theorems