My first instinct is https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Emde_Boas_tree
Not sure why
Not sure why
Personally I’ve been on the lookout for a good vEB implementation for a while: there’s like one of them on the whole Internet, and it does things like recurse while figuring out where the next node down is, so no wonder it’s slow; and when I look at the definitions myself I can’t really figure out a faster way of doing it either.