From my understanding this is also how cloudflare bot protection has worked for a long time, and then they look for entropy in user input to confirm the user is human. Also how recaptcha without images works.
https://www.kaspersky.com/blog/what-is-wrong-with-free-vpn-s...
Yes, a VPN involved. That doesn't make it okay and notice that anubis by default works without issue (though possibly with a more difficult challenge) in the exact same scenario.
I'm quite certain it isn't a generic "datacenter" list though because a given VPN exit that was working will suddenly stop. Meanwhile I have a valid cookie yet that is disregarded.