I hesitated to recommend the CEV paper, because it's written in Yudkowsky's very personal tone, which some enjoy and others find quite abrasive... but then it occurred to me that you asked about philosophy, and I have a book about Lacan nearby (not a book by Lacan, nobody can read that!), and I've peeked at the Tractatus once... Surely, even if you don't like him, Yudkowsky reads like Pratchett in comparison.

So... of course these questions are addressed in the 38 page essay that introduced the idea.

Specifically, it's not "calling it coherent", it's "assigning more importance to the parts that cohere than the parts that diverge" as one of the core principles (it's one philosopher's opinion, others disagree), with a lot of specific guidelines about how to prefer consensus or kicking decisions down the road and how to deal with complications like "what about dolphins" or "what about our great-great-grandchildren who will be as insane in our eyes as we are in the eyes of 17th century westerners, do their 'votes' count too?".

Of course, like any work of philosophy, it presupposes some pretty incredible things (like a Godlike intelligence that can be made to care deeply about following the spirit of this framework). But you could write a worse first draft for "what would we want AI to be aligned to, if we could define to our heart's content?"

https://intelligence.org/files/CEV.pdf