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When people came to the country to work then retire somewhere else, isn’t it not a net benefit for Germany? Less burden on the social net, healthcare system etc.

So what the Germans did is right, not wrong!

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errr, no? when you work here for long enough you accrue pension benefits which are paid out wherever you live.

if you retire abroad you spend the pension abroad. that's a net loss for the nation.

Wouldn't the lack of medical expenditure win out against the loss of consumption from a pension?

Medical and long-term care expenses outweighs by a large margin the loss of consumption or tax revenue for retirees, especially for a welfare state like Germany. Many studies in Germany have showed exactly this constellation of cost-benefit.

interesting.

I wonder how many move back to Germany when fragile though. requires citizenship though? unless your permanent residency stays valid when you move abroad.

what would I have to use as search terms on Google scholar to find the many studies?

Generationsbilanz, AHV, Bernd Raffelhüschen

Depending on how long you worked in Germany and where you retire, you might still be eligible for German public health insurance.

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