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Supposedly they'll turn it down if it's mastered louder than -14 LUFS. They won't turn it up if it's quieter.

I couldn't find a Youtube source for this but it's mentioned extensively online: https://audio.rswaver.com/blog/youtube-loudness-standards

You “turn it up” by using dynamic range compression. Which is fundamentally altering the work.

It’s right and proper YouTube do not do this to people’s work.

They have a "stable volume" toggle, actually. I don't see ads, so I don't know whether it works for those.

They do, but as usual with those, it wrecks all the decently mixed videos by making everything the same volume.

Though as those are rare as hen’s teeth, perhaps you might as well.

Because content creators have a right to produce audio how they want.

If it’s a video of someone speaking in a quiet voice it shouldn’t have to have an average volume level of a new Metallica video. Forcing people to use heavy dynamic range compression to get it there would not be good.