I couldn't workout the train signals though, there are 4 of them and they have a digit as well with them, not sure what's going on there. I'm probably not the target audience :)
This combo lets you set up an upline and downline with a terminal station: you have one way only signals on the line, and non-blocking signals on the station entrances pointing into the station, and a crossing between. Trains will get to the end of the upline, and wait to get a path to the end of the station. Then they'll turn around and wait to get a path to the downline.
That actually is nothing to do with path based signals, and could be done quite simply with purely vanilla TTD signals.
What path-based signaling allows is for multiple trains to make non-conflicting moves through a single block at the same time, which basic signals wouldn't.
Path based signals (nor pre-signals for that matter) didn’t exist in plain original TTD and constructing such track layouts was easy and straightforward.