Pointer + size strings in APIs (not null-terminated strings).
Asynchronous APIs as default choice.
Proper process spawning, not forking.
Restrictive process rights management (with each process seeing only a slice of the whole file system and overall system resources).
Non-monolithic design (with no need to integrate all drivers into the kernel).
Probably many other improvements.
Linux started at the peak of Unix, but also when Unix was getting fragmented across vendors and mired in lawsuits. At the same time, PC hardware was getting better and faster, making the timing great for a PC-level Unix-like OS. Also remember that Linux didn't win in a short period of time. It would take over a decade (I'd say maybe two) for it be taken seriously.
I've come to the conclusion that technical superiority doesn't matter much. What matters is grit, perseverance over a long horizon, building an ecosystem (especially hardware drivers), accepting collaboration (be kind, not necessarily nice), and fostering a welcoming community.
Imho: if that doesn't do, don't even start. Or find existing project & contribute to that.
Myself, I've been wanting to dive into Forth systems. And get some hands-on experience with RISC-V assembly. So, over the past winter I've put together lots of bits & pieces of a small Forth-like system, targeting RV32I (eyeing the RP2350pc as a target device).
> Linux won
No, my Forth is much better! It'll be able to run on devices that Linux couldn't possibly ever run on (~10 KB ROM, similar size RAM), easier to understand, easier to change, doesn't need multi-GB software install to develop, should boot in milliseconds. And I wrote it myself - no AI.
Just saying... Linux is great for many things. Other OSes (or -kernels) good for other things.
> I am making my own systems programming language, called Tig.
Link?
Edit: same question posted 17 days ago? Hmm...
the DOCUMENTATION/ folder has the roadmap and useful docs https://github.com/alonsovm44/tc-lang
If you want to build an OS, build it for fun, build it because you're bored, build it to learn, maybe even build it to show your language is capable of doing it. But don't build it with the expectation that it will get a large amount of use.
Especially if your OS is intended to be general purpose. If you wanted to build an OS for embedded stuff, you might find a niche, resource constraints mean there's more room for variation and making tradeoffs.