[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Unparalleled_Adventure_of_...
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Unparalleled_Adventure_of_...
Yes, the entire story has the main character confused about the reality he is presented with.
The main character is in the midst of a religious fervor. The station does not constitute the cosmos.
> "estimated diameter: 15k ly" feel like a writer's oversight.
Every time the instruments were checked, the instruments jumped in estimated diameter. Are you confused because the speaker got to the conclusion that the station is the universe before the instruments did? No doubt if there were more reports, it would be reported as being larger. Probably it wouldn't stop at the size of the universe, either.
In any event: neither the speaker, nor their instruments, were correct. Both are deeply confused about what the station is.
From the story: “A curious feature of the station is its powerful gravitational field, far stronger than would be suggested by its small mass. However, this probably represents a faulty reading by our instruments.”
And then the next paragraph is the estimated size.
> but at a second look makes his character incoherent because he's contradicting what he just wrote.
His character was incoherent from the first look, too.
In any case, the following report clarifies:
"To our surprise we find that the station is far larger than we guessed. [...] This fine vapour obscured the substantial bulk of the station and led us to assume that it was no more than a few hundred metres in diameter."
So the reporter refers to his previous estimate as a guess, not a measurement, and specifies that the assumption was based on what they could see. The following estimates are similarly guesses based on their current understanding and explorations, not the output of some specific instrument.